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PCAccountant
a Public Domain Program by PC-Squared
(C) Copyright by PC-Squared
<< Documentation & Operating Manual >>
PC-Squared
P.O. Box 1610
Morgan Hill, CA 95037
<< LICENSE >>
This program can be freely copied and distributed so long as no
consideration is given other than specified in this document. The
user of this program which finds that it is of value to him/her
should consider making a donation to PC-Squared. See this
document for more information about becoming a registered owner.
I. Introduction
PCAccountant is a series of programs which allows a user to
maintain a personal bookkeeping record. While designed for home
use, the system can be used for a small business.
As they are developed, additional modules will be added to
the PCAccountant Library. These will expand the usefulness of the
entire system. The first of these will be PCCheck. This is
currently under development and will be released soon. PCCheck is
a check writing and management module which will not only
interface directly with PCAccountant, but also print your checks.
This system was written on a COMPAQ PLUS running PC-DOS 2.1
and has been tested by the authors on a Corona and an IBM PC.
The programs are compiled BASIC using Microsoft Basic.
All disk files are random files in an effort to increase
speed. As transactions are entered they are placed in a temporary
file and are only added to the year-to-date files when the month
is closed. This speeds the correction time necessary when you
have made a error or wish to reverse a transaction. The number of
transactions in a given month is only restricted by the disk
space available.
The system contains the following programs:
PCACTSU.EXE - This program provides information to the system
such as your name and the disk drive which will contain the data
used by the system. THIS PROGRAM MUST BE RUN BEFORE ANY
PROCESSING IS DONE. NOTE: Running this program will ZERO all
variables and counters maintained by the system. You should only
run this ONCE unless you want to start over.
PC-ACCT.EXE - This is the system booting program. It checks to
insure that you have prepared the system properly before loading
PCACCT.EXE.
PCACCT.EXE - This is the main program. All other programs (except
the above one) are driven from this program.
PCACTAC.EXE - This program is called by PCACCT and allows you to
define, change, delete, and print/display a Chart of Accounts.
<Called by selecting option 2 from the menu in PCACCT>
PCTRAN.EXE - This program is also called by PCACCT and allows you
to enter, change, delete, and print/display transactions. You
also use this program to enter Auto Journal Entries which you
want the system to post automatically every month. <Called by
selecting option 1 from the menu in PCACCT>
BUDGET.EXE - This program is called by selecting option B from
the menu in PCACCT. It allows you to enter budget figures for
every active account. In several of the listing produced by the
system, the actual amounts are compared with budget amounts.
All other processing is done within the PCACCT program.
Data files which are used by the system are as follows:
All data files MUST reside on the disk which you specify in the
set-up program EXCEPT the file called PCACTPW.DAT. This MUST
reside on the disk containing the programs. If you want, all
files and programs can co-exist on the same disk. Programs MUST
reside on the default drive.
Filename Record Len Contains
----------------------------------------------------------------
PCACTPW.DAT 69 Bytes Counters & General Info
PCACCT.DAT 42 Chart of Account Data
PCTRAN.DAT 51 Transaction Data
PCAJOR.DAT 51 Auto Journal Trans. Data
YTDAMT.DAT 120 Year-To-Date Accumlative Data
BUDGET.DAT 120 Budgeted Amounts
PCACCT.KEY 10 Key file for PCACCT.DAT
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The system provides a means to maintain data and to do
calculations based on the financial matters of a household or
small business. It is designed for the 'non-accountant' type
person. You are required to have only basic bookkeeping
knowledge.
The system allows you to design your own 'Chart of
Accounts'. The Chart of Accounts is the basis for maintaining the
data (See Section III.).
PCAccountant also allows you to enter budget figures for
each account and compares actual to budgeted in two different
reports.
Transactions are entered on an 'as they occur' basis,
however, transactions which occur every month, and which are
identical every month, may be entered once using the Auto-Journal
Transaction function. The AJ function can be used for such
transactions as rent, mortgage payments, and the like.
The system forces you to enter two account numbers for each
transaction. One '+ Account', to which the amount of the
transaction is added, and one '- Account', which the amount is
subtracted from.
As stated before, as transactions are entered, they are
placed in a temporary file (PCTRAN.DAT), and are not added to the
Year-to-Date file until the close of the month. This way
corrections are simplified. All calculations are done as the
reports are being printed.
At the end of every month you must do End-of-Month
processing to close the month. Make certain that you have printed
all the reports which you want, as when you close the month, all
transaction detail is deleted (except for AJ transactions).
Closing the year totals all of the accounts and places them
in a prior year file. This way the system can compare current
year to prior year. Closing the year also zeros all current year
data files and counters.
Five separate analytical reports are provided by the system.
These are description more fully later. Each report provides
slightly different information either on a monthly data basis or
on an accumulative year basis. Two of the reports compare actual
to budgeted figures.
For maximum flexibility all reports, except two, can be
displayed or printed. All, except the two, are 80 column
printouts. The two exceptions require a 132 column printer.
II. Installation
A. On a Floppy Disk System. Place DOS on a newly formatted
disk and copy all PCAccountant programs onto it. Format another
disk for use as the data disk. Label both.
B. On a Hard Disk System. Copy all PCAccountant programs
onto the hard disk. If you wish to keep the data on a floppy
disk, go ahead and format one and label it.
From this time forward we will take for granted that if you
use a floppy disk for your data files you have placed the data
disk in the proper drive. The data disk MUST be inserted BEFORE
you run ANY program - including the set-up program.
Run the set-up program by typing PCACTSU. A screen will be
displayed asking you for the following data:
NOTE: Every screen which displays the data field limited by ']' &
'[" are auto-ending. This means that if you fill the field the
system will automatically go to the next data element. The only
time you need to hit RETURN is when you fail to fill the field.
Also ALL command require that you only press the proper key - NO
<RETURN> is required.
NAME - This is the name associated with the accounting,
i.e., THE SMITH HOUSEHOLD.
PSWD - This is a password. If you do not enter anything, you
will never be asked for a password. If you enter something, you
will be asked for a password every time a program is loaded.
DRIVE CONTAINING DATA - Enter the drive specifier which will
contain the data disk. YOU MUST include the ':'.
CURRENT CYCLE - This tells the system which cycle to start
with. Cycles are numeric values from 1 to 12 which correspond to
the month of the year (i.e., 1 = JAN, 2 = FEB, 3 = MAR, etc.).
This will be reset every time you do End of Month (EOM)
processing.
After this data has been entered and written to disk, the
PCACCT program will be loaded and run.
This ends the installation procedure. Now you can start
using PCAccountant. Make certain that you enter your Chart of
Accounts before processing any transactions or entering your
budget.
By the way, you do not need to enter Budget figures if you
do not want to. They are not required by the system.
You should spend plenty of time designing your chart of
accounts. By spending the time 'up front' you can save yourself
time in the long run and the system can provide alot more
interesting numbers and facts.
III. CREATING YOUR BASE DATA
This system was designed to allow a non-accounting person to
do their own accounting. Because of this, we do not call items
'debits' or 'credits'. Instead we use '+ Account' and '-
Account'. This simply means the account # which the amount is
ADDED to (+) or SUBTRACTED from (-).
The 'ACCOUNT' which we talk about is the acccount in the
'CHART of ACCOUNTS'. These are simply labels describing what we
spend money on, receive money from, what we own, and what we owe.
Each account is assigned a number. This number dictates
whether it is an ASSET (something we own, i.e., a checking
account); a LIABILITY (somenthing we owe, i.e. a mortgage);
INCOME (where we obtained money, i.e., salary, dividends);or an
EXPENSE (the cost of living, i.e., tax, etc).
Account types are determined by the number range assigned,
i.e., 0001-1000 are ASSETS; 1001-2000 are LIABILITIES; 2001-3000
are INCOME; and 3001-4000 are EXPENSES.
With a properly designed Chart of Accounts (C/A), the system
will calculate your NET WORTH (Assets minus Liabilities) and your
PROFIT/LOSS (Income minus Expenses). NOTE: Income always appears
as a '-' figure. Therefore, a - PROFIT/LOSS is a profit. This is
the way it is done in the accounting world - don't ask us. We
didn't make the rules up.
To make your C/A readable, we have established a special
FLAG which can be assigned to an account. This FLAG is the letter
'T'. It indicates to the system that this account is a TITLE and
that transactions can not be posted to it.
A typical C/A may look like this:
C/A # NAME FLAG
---------------------------------------------------------
1 *** ASSETS *** T
100 * CASH IN BANK * T
105 * CHECKING ACCTS * T
106 ACCT #1 - 1ST NATL
107 ACCT #2 - B of A
199 T
205 * SAVING ACCTS * T
206 ACCT #1 - WS & L
207 ACCT #2 - WFB
299 T
300 * STOCKS/BONDS * T
305 IBM STOCK
310 DEC STOCK
315 MUNI BONDS
399 T
400 * OTHER ASSETS * T
410 HOUSE EQUITY
420 LIFE INSUR EQUITY
430 1980 CHEV
440 BOAT
450 OTHER MISC
460 CLOTHES
470 FURNITURE
999 T
1000 T
1001 **LIABILITIES** T
1010 MORTGAGE
1020 CAR LOAN
1030 BOAT LOAN
1040 OTHER
1999 T
2000 T
2001 ***INCOME*** T
2010 SALARY
2020 DIVIDENDS
2030 INTEREST
2040 OTHER
2999 T
3000 T
3001 ***EXPENSES*** T
3005 HOUSE PYMT
3010 HOUSE INSURANCE
3015 CAR PAYMENT
3020 CAR INSURANCE
3030 FOOD
3040 INTEREST
3050 CLOTHES
3060 FURNITURE
3070 GAS
3080 SCHOOL TUITION
3090 BOOKS
Note that we skipped numbers in assigning our C/A. This
allows us the flexiblity to insert new accounts anywhere within
the C/A. Also note that we assigned some accounts with no name
and as titles. this allows us to separate the classes of accounts
visually for our reports.
To provide the proper previous year balances, enter the
balances during the creation of your C/A and then do 'Close the
Year' (Function 0 from the main menu). This will insure that the
previous balance is carried forward into the new year. No values
should be entered in the expense and income accounts, as these
start at zero every year. After you have done the End-of-Year,
you can enter the expense and income. Remember when entering the
previous months income, that they should be entered as a negative
value.
Once you have done this, you can start posting transactions.
Some typical transactions are:
1. You receive a paycheck for $500.00 and you put it in checking
account #1. This would result in the sfollowing single
transaction:
+ to C/A # 106 (you checking account)
- to C/A # 2010 (Salary income)
2. You make a house payment of $300.00 from checking account #1.
Of this $250.00 is principal and $50.00 is interest. This would
result in three transactions (NOTE: This type of transaction [one
that occurs every month] should be an auto-journal transaction).
#1. For $250.00
+ to C/A # 3005 (This expenses the principal)
- to C/A # 106 (Decrease your checking acct.)
#2. For $50.00
+ to C/A # 3040 (This expenses the interest)
- to C/A # 106 (Decrease your checking acct.)
#3. For $250.00
+ to C/A # 410 (Increase you home equity)
- to C/A # 1010 (Decrease your mortgage)
By handling the house payment thru the EXPENSE section, you
create a true COST OF LIVING analysis in the EXPENSE section of
your C/A.
You should now layout your Chart of Accounts to suit your
needs. Remember that accounts can be added or deleted as needed.
IV. Program Operation of PCACCT.EXE
The rest of this document is written the way that you would
normally use the system. I.e., first you enter ACCOUNTS, then you
enter the BUDGET, then you enter TRANSACTIONS; then you print
your reports; then you do EOM processing; then do more
TRANSACTIONS; and finally you CLOSE THE YEAR.
For your information, all reports, except the Y-T-D Report
(option #7 from the main menu) can be displayed or printed. All
of them, except the above, are 80 column reports. All (including
#7) can be called as many times as you want.
If you entered a password during the set-up program, anytime
that you load a program, you will be asked for a password. In
this manual we will take for granted that you have entered the
password correctly.
To load the main program, type PC-ACCT. The system will
display a menu. The first thing that needs to be done is the
entry of your Chart of Accounts.
OPTION <2> ACCOUNT PROCESSING
By selecting option 2, the account maintenance program is
loaded and will display the Account Menu.
To Enter a New Account - Select option 1.
The system will display a input form which asks for the
following information:
NUMBER - This is the number which you have assigned to this
account.
TYPE - This will be displayed by the system according to the
number range.
FLAG - This is used to tell the system that the account is a
title or that the account has been deleted. When an account is
deleted it is NOT erased from the file, it is simply flagged as
being deleted.
NOTE: When an account is deleted, the system does NOT check to
see if you have money in it or against it. Therefore, transfer
anything in it to another account before deleting it. This can be
done has a normal transaction.
NAME - The name associated with this account.
BEG. BAL - Enter the year-to-date amount if you start in the
middle of a year.
When you have entered the information, the system will write
the data to disk and return another blank form. You can continue
to enter accounts or enter a <RETURN> when in the NUMBER field.
At that time the system will return the Account Menu.
To Display an Account - Select option 2.
The system will ask for the account number and display the
account data. It will then display the following prompt:
<E>xit, <N>ext, <Shift-PrtSc> to Print Screen
If you select E, the system will return the menu. If you
select N, it will prompt you for the account number.
To Change an Account - Select option 3.
The system will ask for the account number and display the
account data. It will then prompt to see that it is the correct
one. Answer by entering Y or N. If you enter N, you will again be
prompted for the account number.
If you enter Y, the system will allow you to change ONLY the
following fields:
FLAG, NAME, BEG. BAL.
If you do not want to change the data in the field
containing the cursor, simply hit RETURN. If you want to change
the data, re-enter the entire field.
After a correction the system will return the account number
prompt. Enter the next number or 0<RETURN> to return to the menu.
To Print/Display Chart of Accounts - Select option 4.
The system will sort the chart of accounts, and display a
prompt asking whether the output is to go to the (S)creen or
(P)rinter. Enter either an S or a P and the C/A will be printed
or displayed.
This program also prints/displays the balance of each
account as of the end of the last closed month.
To Return to The System Main Menu - Select Option X.
The system will reload PCACCT.
OPTION <B> ENTER BUDGET
By selecting option B, the budget maintenance program is
loaded and will display the Budget Menu.
To Enter a Budget - Select option 1.
NOTE: In order to enter a budget for an account, the account MUST
have already have been entered.
The system will display a input form which asks for the
following information:
NUMBER - This is the number which you have assigned to this
account.
TYPE - This will be displayed by the system according to the
number range.
NAME - This will be displayed by the system.
AMOUNT - Enter the monthly budgeted amount by cycle (month). The
Cycle # corresponds to the month of the year, i.e., 1 = Jan, 2 =
Feb, etc
When you have entered the information, the system will write
the data to disk and return another blank form. You can continue
to enter accounts or enter a <RETURN> when in the NUMBER field.
At that time the system will return the Account Menu.
Remember that Income account budget information should be
entered as negative values.
To Display a Budget - Select option 2.
The system will ask for the account number and display the
Budget data. It will then display the following prompt:
<E>xit, <N>ext, <Shift-PrtSc> to Print Screen
If you select E, the system will return the menu. If you
select N, it will prompt you for the account number.
To Change a Budget - Select option 3.
The system will ask for the account number and display the
budget data. It will then prompt to see that it is the correct
one. Answer by entering Y or N. If you enter N, you will again be
prompted for the account number.
If you enter Y, the system will allow you to change ONLY the
Amount fields.
If you do not want to change the data in the field
containing the cursor, simply hit RETURN. If you want to change
the data, re-enter the entire field.
After a correction the system will return the account number
prompt. Enter the next number or 0<RETURN> to return to the menu.
To Print/Display Budget - Select option 4.
The system will sort the chart of accounts, and display a
prompt asking whether the output is to go to the (S)creen or
(P)rinter. Enter either an S or a P and the Budget data will be
printed or displayed.
This report contains the budget amount information for every
active (non-title & not deleted) account.
To Return to The System Main Menu - Select Option X.
The system will reload PCACCT.
OPTION <1> TRANSACTION PROCESSING
By selecting option 1, the transaction maintenance program
is loaded and will display the Transaction Menu.
To Enter Transactions - Select option 1.
The system will prompt you for the cycle number which the
transactions are to be posted to.
The system will display a input form which asks for the
below information. It will also display a line showing the
current date, the cycle, and the month that these transactions
will be posted to.
DESCRIPTION - This is a description or remark associated with
this transaction.
TRANS # - This will be displayed by the system. This number
becomes the key to the transaction.
AMT - This is the amount associated with the transactions.
DATE - This date will override the date contained in the heading
of the screen. If no date is entered here, the heading date will
be used as the date of the transaction.
+ ACCT - The account number which the amount is to be ADDED to.
The system will display the Account Name. The system will not
allow you to post to an account which you have declared as a
TITLE or which you have DELETED. If the account number which you
entered is not on file, the system will display **ERROR. If any
of the above three things happen, the cursor will return to the +
ACCT field for re-entry.
- ACCT - The account number which the amount is to be SUBTRACTED
from. The system will display the Account Name. The system will
not allow you to post to an account which you have declared as a
TITLE or which you have DELETED. If the account number which you
entered is not on file, the system will display **ERROR. If any
of the above three things happen, the cursor will return to the -
ACCT field for re-entry.
When you have entered the information, the system will write
the data to disk and return another blank form. You can continue
to enter transactions or enter a <RETURN> when in the NUMBER
field. At that time the system will return the Transaction Menu.
To Display a Transaction - Select option 2.
The system will ask for the transaction number and display
the data. It will then display the following prompt:
<E>xit, <N>ext, <Shift-PrtSc> to Print Screen
If you select E, the system will return the menu. If you
select N, it will display the next transaction.
To Change an Transaction - Select option 3.
The system will ask for the transaction number and display
the data. It will then prompt to see that it is the correct one.
Answer by entering Y or N. If you enter N, you will again be
prompted for the transaction number.
If you enter Y, the system will allow you to change all
information except the top line and the transaction number.
The only way to delete a transaction is by entering a
reversing transaction.
If you do not want to change the data in the field
containing the cursor, simply hit RETURN. If you want to change
the data, re-enter the entire field.
After saving the corrected data, the system will ask if the
transaction is an AJ or auto-journal transaction. Answer Y or N.
If it is an AJ transaction the correction will also be written to
the AJ File.
After a correction the system will return the transaction
number prompt. Enter the next number or 0<RETURN> to return to
the menu.
To Print/Display Activity Report - Select option 4.
The system will display a prompt asking whether the output
is to go to the (S)creen or (P)rinter. Enter either an S or a P
and the Activity Report will be printed or displayed.
To Enter an Auto-Journal Transaction
This is the same as the normal transaction entry, except the
data is written to a special file.
To Return to The System Main Menu - Select Option X.
The system will reload PCACCT.
The rest of the selections on the menu for PCACCT are for
printing/displaying reports, to end the month, and to close the
year out.
All reports, except selection #7, are 80 column reports, and
can be displayed or printed. When you select one of these
reports, the system will ask if you want the output to go to the
screen or the printer. The Y-T-D Report (#7) is a 132 column
report and requires that you have a 132 column printer. It is not
available for displaying.
The system does ALL of its calculations at the time of
printing.
The reports available and the purpose of them are as
follows:
CHART OF ACCOUNTS - Selection #4
This is the same report as that produced in the Account
Processing Maintenance program. The system allows you to print it
from both programs. The only difference is that this report
contains the current balance, including all current transactions.
TRANSACTIONS - Selection #5
This is the Activity report that is produced in the
Transaction Processing Maintenance program. The system allows you
to print it from both programs.
Y-T-D SHORT REPORT - Selection #6
This is a Y-T-D report in short form which contains Y-T-D
data, current cycle transactions and compares it to last year.
The detail for the current cycle is not printed. Instead, these
are totalled and summarized. The last year data is only available
if you have done the previous year on this system. Because the
system only maintains a total last year amount by account, the
LAST YEAR column is a calculation based on the average amount per
month times the number of cycles passed. This amount is the LAST
YEAR amount at the same time last year. The calculation is:
Last Year Total / 12 X Cyc# = Amount printed
This was done to conserve disk space.
This report also provides you with your NET WORTH and
PROFIT/LOSS.
YTD REPORTS - Selection #7
This selection will print two separate reports. These are
the only reports which is forced to the printer, and that you
MUST have a 132 column printer to print.
The first report (MONTHLY Y-T-D) lists each month (cycle) in a
column for each account. It also lists the ACTUAL amount of money
associated with that account, the budgeted amount, and calculates
the variance between the two. This report DOES NOT contain any
current cycle transactions, therefore if you are currently in the
middle of June, the June totals will be zero. It only includes
COMPLETED cycles.
The second report (ACCUM Y-T-D) carries each account thru the
year by using the ending balance of the previous month as the
beginning balance for the next month. It then adds the
transactions for the current month.
BUDGET REPORT - Selection #8
This report compares Y-T-D data and current cycle
transactions to the amount budgeted. It also provides the
variance between the two. It is similar to the Y-T-D Report
above, but does not list them by month, only as totals.
M-T-D REPORT - Selection #9
This report is the Trial Balance report of the system. It
lists the current month's transaction detail, by account and
provides totals by account.
OTHER PROCESSING
The system has two additional processes which end a cycle
(month) and close the year.
NOTE: Neither of these two processes print any reports. You must
print your reports BEFORE doing these two functions - as the
detail will be consolidated and deleted.
E-O-M Processing - Selection #3
This function totals the months transactions, adds them to
the year-to-date data file. It also increments the cycle number,
and zeroes all monthly counters. It then adds all auto-journal
entries to the next cycle (which has now become the current
cycle).
CLOSE THE YEAR - Selection #0
This function takes all Year-to-Date totals and places them
in the Last Year file. It then zeroes all counters and begins the
year over.
The last function is EXIT TO DOS - Selection X. This we hope is
self-explanatory.
OTHER COMMON FUNCTIONS & HOW TO HANDLE THEM
To Delete an Account from The C/A
Selection option 2 from the main menu and option 3 from the
Account Maintenance menu. Enter the account # which you want to
delete. The account data will be displayed and you will be
prompted if it is the correct one. To delete an account, enter a
'D' in the FLAG field.
NOTE: ALL TRANSACTIONS FOR THIS ACCOUNT WILL NO LONGER BE
AVAILABLE FOR CALCULATION. MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE REVERSED OR
TRANSFERRED THE ENTRIES TO ANOTHER ACCOUNT. OR DELETE IT AFTER
THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR.
To Reverse a Transaction
Select option 1 from the main menu and option 1 form the
Transaction Maintenance menu and enter a transaction which
reverses the incorrect or unwanted transaction.
You can change the original transaction by entering '0' in
the AMT field using the Change a Transaction option, however,
this will eliminate any audit trail. We suggest that you enter
the reversing transaction with a description of 'REVERSING TRANS
#n'
HOW TO BECOME A REGISTERED OWNER OF PCAccountant
PC-Squared writes commercially available and public domain
software for the IBM PC and compatibles. The commercial systems
are designed for specific vertical markets and are of no interest
to most computer hobbists.
If you would like to become a registered owner of
PCAccountant, send a contribution (amount is your choice) to PC-
Squared at the below address. A contribution of $25.00 or more
will allow you to receive source code and all future updates for
the cost of a diskette.
If you have suggestions, comments, information regarding
bugs, ideas about possible other public domain programs which you
would like to see, or wish to become a registered owner, you can
write us at:
PC-SQUARED
P.O. Box 1610
Morgan Hill, CA 95037
We also would be interested in writing public domain
programs with people whose expertise is in some other field and
who can see the need for a system...
....Is there a stock broker out there...who is willing to work
on a tracking and forecasting program??????
<< POWER TO THE PUBLIC WITH PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE >>
illing to work
on a